Times given are for a ISO400 film, e.g. XP2

Aperture at 1/500 sec Aperture at 1/250 sec Aperture at 1/125 sec Aperture at 1/60 sec Lighting Conditions Shadow Detail
f/22 f/32 f/45 (off) f/64 (off) Snow/Sand Dark with sharp edges
f/16 f/22 f/32 f/45 (off) Sunny Distinct
f/11 f/16 f/22 f/32 Slight Overcast Soft around edges
f/8 f/11 f/16 f/22 Overcast Barely visible
f/5.6 f/8 f/11 f/16 Heavy Overcast No shadows
f/4 f/5.6 f/8 f/11 Open Shade/Sunset No shadows
Backlighting Add One Stop